WirelessMoves – Page 37 – My Thoughts on the Evolution of Wireless, FOSS and the Past, Present and Future of Computing

Ffmpeg Comparison – From Nvidia to Raspberry Pi 4

Last year I post-processed videos from the Vintage Computing Festival 2020 on my rather old notebook and was quite underwhelmed by the time it took. Even VMs in the cloud did not significantly speed up the process. This year I’ve had a workstation with an Nvidia graphics card and hardware H264 encoding for the purpose and I’ve also upgraded to a much faster notebook. And indeed, post-processing was a lot faster than last year and I ran a comprehensive ffmpeg speed comparison on a lot of devices at my disposal this year. The result is shown in the bar graph above and here are some thoughts on what the different results mean in relation to each other:

Driverless USB and HDMI Travel Screen

Four years ago, I bought a 15″ travel screen that connected over USB-3 to my notebook. A second screen while traveling was a dream come true. The slight disadvantages: The display link protocol ran on the CPU and hence the notebook’s fan was always running, and some parts of the Linux driver were not open source. Some time ago the LCD panel unfortunately broke in the suitcase so I was looking for a replacement. And it looks like things have progressed in the last years as there are now much better options!

A Ethernet to USB Adapter on Android

Just out of pure fun and interest I wondered recently if I could actually connect a Ethernet to USB adapter to an Android phone and then use the Ethernet port for Internet connectivity for another device, e.g. for an OpenWRT router. And indeed, this actually works as shown in the image above. This way, no USB tethering as described in the previous post would be necessary. If it wasn’t for a small detail: Since the USB port of the smartphone is now used by the Ethernet adapter, the phone can’t be charged anymore. O.k., wireless charging would be an option but that kind of ruins the elegance of the solution. So I’ll just stick with direct USB tethering to the OpenWRT router.

OpenWRT and Android USB Tethering For Backhaul

When traveling, I use Wi-Fi tethering with a smartphone a lot to keep my notebook and other devices connected. When staying at a place for more than just a day or two, however, I prefer a somewhat more sophisticated setup with a Linksys router running OpenWRT.

No, this is not just a fancy but often a must. For one thing, a dedicated router with good antennas results in a much better Wi-Fi range on both the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands and both bands can be used simultaneously. Also, I can make use of sophisticated features such as traffic shaping to keep round trip delays to a minimum. This is particularly important when uploading large amounts of data while doing attending conference calls.

Reaching 1 Gbit/s With a 160 MHz Wi-Fi Channel

This is again one of the moments where I broke through a boundary that existed for years: Reaching 1 Gbit/s Ethernet line speed over Wi-Fi.

In the past, I’ve come close to around 800 Mbit/s, but that was only for a short time, as radar detection frequently moved my 80 MHz channel to the lower part of the 5 GHz band. Here, transmit power is much more limited then higher up in the band, so in practice, I can reach around 500 Mbit/s today. While my previous 6 year old notebook was limited to 80 MHz channels, my new Lenovo X13 comes with an Intel AX-200 Wi-Fi card that supports 802.11ac and 11ax with 160 MHz channels. Incidentally, my Wi-Fi Access Point, a Fritzbox 7590 also supports 160 MHz channels, so it was time to see how fast things could get with such a channel bandwidth.

Wi-Fi Radar Detection in Practice

I’m a heavy user of the 5 GHz band at home for Wi-Fi, as I’m not inclined to drill half a dozen of holes through several rooms to get ‘the Internet’ and high speed connectivity from my local servers (i.e. ‘the private cloud’) to my workspace. My biggest enemy: The required radar detection and subsequent downgrade of the Wi-Fi channel to the lowest 80 MHz of the band.

So what’s the problem with using the lower part of the 5 GHz band? In practice, whenever radar is supposedly detected, my link rate drops from almost 800 Mbit/s to 500 Mbit/s for a while, as transmit power is limited in that part. Also I’m limited to an 80 MHz channel.

LED Fatigue

Here’s an interesting phenomenon I came across recently on a router that was in constant operation for well over two years: The white LEDs that were constantly switched-on did not age very gracefully.

Real World Performance – Part 5 – Fast SATA to USB Adapters

In episode 4, I was able to push my LUKS encrypted disk to disk data transfer rate to around 300 MB/s which already saves a lot of time over my previous methods for migrating a lot of data from an old to a new SSD. However, I wasn’t fully satisfied because even older SATA SSDs can often be read at the full 6 Gbit/s SATA speed, i.e. at around 500 MB/s. The bottleneck in my case thus might have been the the 5 GBit/s SATA to USB 3 adapters. However, there are now 10 Gbit/s SATA to USB 3.1 Gen 2 adapters available so I bought one of those for around 20 euros to see if I could further push the limit.

Real World Performance – Part 4 – partclone

Another thing I have to do every now and then is to clone a partition to a new drive, e.g. for backup purposes or when upgrading. Depending on the amount of data to transfer, this can be quite a lengthy procedure. Copying 2 TB worth of data from one drive to another, for example, can take quite some time. rsync is a great tool to do this but it seems to be rather slow in practice. So far, I can’t get more than 120 MB/s out of it, even if both source and destination are local SSDs. Furthermore, when copying very small files, the transfer rate plunges into a back hole. So in practice with my mix of data, the whole operation usually takes half a day at least. So perhaps there’s a better way? How about partclone?

Real World Performance – Part 3 – Another NVMe

In the first part of this “Real World Performance” blog series, I’ve been looking at the performance of a 2 TB Crucial P2 NVMe SSD I installed in my Lenovo X13 notebook. While it did it’s job well, I was rather underwhelmed with performance. So after a few weeks, I replaced that drive with a 2 TB Samsung 970 Evo Plus NVMe SSD. As the specified write capabilities of that drive goes far beyond the speed I could read data from any other drive I have for testing, I set up a RAM disk with a huge file on it in the second part of this series. So here’s part 3 with my performance results for the Samsung 970 Evo Plus in combination with my X13 notebook when reading from RAM disk, and performance results for my real world scenarios: